Edward A. McMurray, Jr., probably taken around 1942? May be when he went to college at Iowa State University in Ames for one year before enlisting in the Army-Air Corps during World War II.
[This photo is poorly retouched- sorry, but still better than the original with a gash across his eye. Need to learn to restore photos…]
Notes, Sources, and References:
From the family treasure chest of photos and other gems.
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The day broke, almost hesitantly through the low gray clouds, over the snow and ice, the raw cold and winds, and what would become a fateful workday for our Hessian ancestor Henry Horn, as well as for the rag-tag Continental Army of a fledgling country that became the United States of America.
Previous posts have described this battle and its consequences to our McMurray ancestor Henry Horn, but today we will look at it from another angle, that of the Continental Army. You have seen the images of George Washington crossing the Delaware so many times in your life (and even in stupid television ads), but there is so much more to the story.
Two hundred forty-two years ago, the Christmas holiday of 1776 was completely unlike the warm, food- and family-filled celebration that so many of us have just experienced. Christmas was not the huge celebration we experience today, and the country was in the midst of the “Little Ice Age”- the weather was brutally cold and unpredictable as the Revolutionary War wore on. The American troops were apart from their families and worried about the safety of their wives, children, siblings, parents, and that of their property, including food stored for the winter and livestock, as the British and Hessians marched through and ravaged the colonies. The rebel soldiers were despondent over so many recent losses to the British crown, and food, warm uniforms, ammunition, shelter, and other supplies were very short. In addition, many of the soldiers had enlistments about to expire at the end of the year, with some deserting even before the date arrived. The workdays of our troops were miserable at this time in history, as they are even today for some of our military who protect our freedoms while we celebrate or sleep. (Thank you to those who stand watch today- and every day- for us!)
The harsh winter weather was usually a time when troops hunkered down to regroup, heal, restock, and avoid fighting with muskets in cold wet weather. (Damp powder does not ignite well.) George Washington, however, knew that he would lose a large number of his soldiers with the upcoming enlistment expirations, plus thought if they attacked over the holiday, he would be able to surprise the Hessian soldiers (German auxiliaries/mercenaries for the British, including our Henry Horn), who were hunkered down and controlling the area around Trenton, New Jersey. Secret plans were made and strategic movements began, with boats moved down the Delaware and troops marched to camps near enough to the departure point yet far enough to not arouse suspicion of an impending attack.
Troop assembly for the crossing had begun about 3 pm on Christmas Day, December 25th, 1776, and the sky grew dark as the sun set before 5. The almost full moon rose about a half an hour later, providing some light for the actual crossing, but as the clouds moved over the moon, the crossing was made more difficult with the deeper darkness and the worsening weather.
It began to snow, adding to what was already on the ground, and around 11 pm, a nor’easter blew up and the snow became a mixture of driving rain, razor-sharp sleet, and pounding hail. George Washington commanded the troops that included experienced boatmen who had to break the ice and dodge ice floes in a swift current as they moved their heavy boats and flatboats laden with the weight of men and supplies across the river at McKonkey’s Ferry. Some of the men ended up in the water, though none perished despite most of them being unable to swim. It may have taken up to ten hours to ferry about 2,400 men, 100 horses, and 18 cannon and artillery wagons across the river in multiple trips. The American rebels had somehow accomplished the seemingly-impossible task of crossing the icy Delaware River from Pennsylvania into New Jersey by 3 am on December 26th. Freezing, wet, and exhausted, the men and horses began to move off about an hour later. The operation still had about nine miles to march in silence to Trenton, and they would lose their cover of darkness for the surprise attack due to the delays that morning.
Before they marched from camp to the ferry, the men had all been issued three days of food and fresh flints to ensure proper firing of their muskets. They were told they were going on a secret mission, and silence within ranks was important. Once the arduous crossing had been completed, questions must have filled their minds as they began the trek southeast on the New Jersey side of the Delaware River. As they marched toward the dawn, their heartbeats would have risen like the sun, knowing they were getting closer to the big fight.
Among the American rebels who crossed the Delaware River as part of their ‘workday’ on December 25-26, 1776 were:
George Washington– our future first President and Commander of the Continental Army, who masterminded and commanded this logistically difficult and decisive operation
Colonel George Washington, by Charles Willson Peale, 1772, via Wikipedia; public domain. (Click to enlarge.)
James Madison?– our fourth President, co-author of The Federalist Papers (which supported the Constitution), has been said to have been present at Trenton, but he was a small, petite man, often sickly; he may have advised Washington prior to the crossing, but most likely did not participate in military actions even if he was in the area. (Sources are contradictory about his presence.)
James Madison at Princeton University, portrait by James Sharples, unknown date. Madison graduated from Princeton in 1771. Image via Wikipedia, public domain. (Click to enlarge.)
Lt. James Monroe– our fifth President, who was wounded in the shoulder by a musket ball during the Battle at Trenton.
“The Capture of the Hessians at Trenton” showing George Washington with Captain William Washington (a cousin of George Washington), with wounded hand, on the right and Lt. James Monroe, severely wounded and helped by Dr. Riker, left of center by John Trumbull, via Wikipedia, public domain. (Click to enlarge.)
The ball severed an artery but Monroe survived due to the quick action of the company doctor who clamped the artery and kept Monroe from dying from blood loss.
James Monroe, White House portrait by Samuel Morse, circa 1819, via Wikipedia. Public domain. (Click to enlarge.)
Alexander Hamilton– he was Aide de Camp to Washington, became the first Secretary of the Treasury of the new United States, and founder of our national bank and financial system; he and his New York Artillery company were stationed with Washington at the highest point in Trenton, guns aimed at the Hessian barracks to prevent them from leaving and returning the attack.
Alexander Hamilton in the Uniform of the New York Artillery he formed and which participated in the Battle of Trenton, by Alonzo Chappel. Public domain, via Wikipedia. (Click to enlarge.)
Aaron Burr– 3rd Vice President of the US (Pres. Thomas Jefferson’s first term); he distinguished himself at the Battle of Quebec with Col. Benedict Arnold, was a staff member to Washington but preferred to be on the battlefield, and he killed his political rival and fellow soldier at Trenton, Alexander Hamilton, in a duel in 1804.
Aaron Burr, by John Vanderlyn, 1802, via Wikipedia, public domain. (Click to enlarge.)
Arthur St. Clair– later President of the First Continental Congress, and the first governor of the Northwest Territory (which became Ohio, etc.), a Brigadier General at Trenton, his strategy to capture Princeton, New Jersey just eight days later provided another morale-boosting victory for the Continental Army.
Arthur St. Clair, Official Portrait (restored) by Charles Willson Peale, 1782. Via Wikipedia, public domain. (Click to enlarge.)
John James Marshall– Fourth US Secretary of State (1800-1801) and 4th and longest serving Chief Justice of the US (1801-1835); he served in a Virginia regiment during the Trenton campaign
John Marshall by Henry Inman, 1832, via Wikipedia, public domain. (Click to enlarge.)
And of course, on the other side of the battle was “our” Heinrich (or Henrich) Horn, a private in von Knyphausen’s regiment of Hessians. Henry was only 18, and would have been told that the Americans were rebelling against their king, so the insurrection had to be contained. (The ordinary Germans of that time had no understanding of democracy.) The Hessians were well-trained troops but in a foreign land and around a language foreign to them, and within their units they would have spoken German. Henry would have been exhausted on that Christmas Day in 1776, sleeping in his uniform with musket alongside when he could, as the local militias had been harassing the Hessian troops and causing small skirmishes here and there just to wear them down. Would Henry have been aware of their precarious situation, which their commander had made worse by not fortifying the town as recommended by others? The Hessian workday, like those of most soldiers throughout time, was either “hurry up and wait,” watchful waiting, or fighting hard like his unit had at previous engagements in New York and New Jersey. He likely was disappointed that his Christmas holiday was so very far from family, but even more disappointed as the Americans caught the German and British troops off-guard the next morning and stormed the town. Becoming a prisoner of war in a foreign country must have been terrifying…
The series of posts about Henry Horn’s military workdays can be found here:
The wonderful book, Washington’s Crossing, by David Hackett Fisher, is an excellent read about the crossing, and has been produced as a movie as well.
Notes, Sources, and References:
How is Henry Horn related? His granddaughter, Mary Ann Horn (1824-1891) married Henderson McMurray. Henry Horn is therefore the third great grandfather (g-g-g-gfa) of Dr. Edward A. McMurray (1900-1992).
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Family history is meant to be shared, but the original content of this site may NOT be used for any commercial purposes unless explicit written permission is received from both the blog owner and author. Blogs or websites with ads and/or any income-generating components are included under “commercial purposes,” as are the large genealogy database websites. Sites that republish original HeritageRamblings.net content as their own are in violation of copyright as well, and use of full content is not permitted.Descendants and researchers MAY download images and posts to share with their families, and use the information on their family trees or in family history books with a small number of reprints. Please make sure to credit and cite the information properly, i.e, reference this blog.Please contact us if you have any questions about copyright or use of our blog material.
“Great Slaughter Sale of Groceries” on 14 January 1901 at the McMurray Grocery store in Newton, Iowa. Published in unknown newspaper (framed by family), part 1.
Many businesses complete an inventory on at the end of the year in order to prepare their income taxes, and that may have been the impetus for this big sale at the McMurray Grocery in Newton, Iowa, in 1901. Maybe they used a fiscal, rather than calendar year, or the invoices to them had piled up and they needed to generate cash to pay their vendors- or Uncle Sam.
Marketing a local business was much simpler in the days before social media and the internet. Advertisements were placed in newspapers for a fee, local reporters would interview or create a story about the business or owner(s), paper flyers might be given out, and/or special coupons, stamps, or tokens would be used to get customers into the store and ensure their loyalty. Old advertisements, such as this framed family treasure, are a great way for family historians to understand the breadth of items offered in a store, like the grocery store of Will and Lynnette (Payne) McMurray.
The canned foods listed are interesting- how many of us today would buy one gallon cans of peaches or apricots? We don’t make jams and jellies like they did in those days, nor multiple pies when the threshers would come through at harvest.
Take a look at the prices, too. “2 cans good Peaches for 25¢” would cost about $7.44 in today’s dollars, according to inflation calculators. That does seem like quite a lot for 2 cans of peaches, but we do not know the size of the cans, they did not have ‘factory farms’ in those days so supplies were more limited, and sometimes those calculators are somewhat off. Edith Roberts McMurray Luck, in her later years, recounted that she remembered the store from her childhood, but her mother thought the McMurray store was too expensive so they did not patronize it regularly. (Edith later married the son of Will and Lynette, Dr. Edward A. McMurray.)
Soaps, of course, were big sellers and important for hard-working, getting-dirty jobs like farming or blacksmithing, plus many families dug the soil to produce their own fruits and vegetables. Calumet Soap was around for a very long time- some may still remember it- and Ajax also made a powdered cleanser. Lye soaps were still used back then, and Will even offered a discounted price for lye soaps with damaged labels- just 5¢ per can, vs. the usual 8-10¢.
The McMurrays carried a variety of oils in their grocery, but those listed in this ad were not cooking nor motor oils- they were for lamps. Getting a good oil that did not smoke much or smell bad, and that gave adequate light, was important in the days before rural electrification (which occurred in the mid 1930s and after). “Palacine Oil” was a brand that came from the Oklahoma oil fields:
“Palacine Oil” advertisement from unknown newspaper (likely Oregon, Missouri, or Forest City, Missouri), 1 May 1896, at https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn90061417/1896-05-01/ed-1/seq-4.pdf. [Absurdly, there is no way to determine what paper this is from the website, despite it being a result in a Google search. What poor scholarship, Library of Congress.]The grocery store also carried other non-food items, like axle grease for the wagon which would have carried a customer into town:
“Great Slaughter Sale of Groceries” on 14 January 1901 at the McMurray Grocery store in Newton, Iowa. Published in unknown newspaper (framed by family), part 2.
Both the McMurray-Killduff and the McMurray Grocery/ McMurray Grocery and Meat Market were featured frequently in one-line ads that were slipped into the regular columns of stories in the local newspaper. Examples from March, 1899:
We have a complete line of fresh and salt fish.
We have the best $1.00 flour in town.
Lowney chocolates, the finest in the world, at McMurray & Killduff’s.
Try those 10¢ hams at McMurray & Killduff’s.
SYRUP- 5 gallon keg, $1.25, at McMurray & Killduff’s.
Other businesses, such as a 12 Dec 1913 ad for ‘Benedict Flour and Feed Company’ in Marshalltown, Iowa, listed distributors of their products, and one of the names included was “W. E. McMurray, Newton”- good publicity for their small store.
Ads for the McMurray grocery were not only for what they were selling, but for what they were buying:
We pay the highest prices for Produce.
WANTED- Live Poultry, for which we will pay the highest market prices.
The above were from from a March, 1899 newspaper. Another article from July 20, 1899, stated the “Local Market” price for live chickens was 6¢ each. Supply chains for food were much different in those years, especially in rural areas. They would buy from local farmers and women who raised chickens, grew fruits and vegetables, and made butter, cakes, or pies, then sell to local customers. They also shipped to other places- a June 2, 1902 newspaper article stated “McMurray shipped to Des Moines this morning 1000 pounds of butter.” While we cannot be sure this was Will E. McMurray rather than his father, Frederick Asbury “F.A.” McMurray, the auctioneer, it is more likely that it was Will, or maybe they made the deal together. F.A. was known to ship carloads of livestock but I have not seen evidence of him shipping something like butter, though it is possible, since F.A. was such a wheeler and dealer. Will did buy a carload of peaches at one point thus did deal in large quantities, so it is very plausible that the butter was shipped by him.
Being the son of an auctioneer (Frederick Asbury McMurray) and sometimes being an auctioneer himself (per his daughter-in-law, Edith Roberts McMurray Luck, and an ad for “McMurray & Sons, Auctioneers”), Will knew how to write an ad or spin things to make them attractive to buyers. (Lynette probably did too, coming from the sophisticated West Coast.) Another sale ad in 1899 was for “Bargain Day in Groceries” and “On the above date we will sell you [various foods] …the prices are for this day, only” at McMurray & Killduff’s “Big Cash Grocery.” Good salespersons know that they have to build excitement and get the sale closed before there is much time for the consumer to think about a purchase. A one-day sale does that pretty well, and was the predecessor to our internet “Today’s Deals,” “Prime Day,” or QVC channel, with a countdown timer and note of how many items are remaining in the deal.
“Bundling” is not a new concept in sales only used in the insurance industry to get you to buy home, auto, and life policies together – McMurray & Killduff’s used ‘bundling’ in an ad from Oct. 5, 1899, in the Newton Record. They offered a “Big Special Sale” on Oct 11th and 12th. Good prices were offered on a variety of items, but they also listed a package of 12 grocery items with the regular prices, which totaled $6.40. “We will sell on either above day to you this package for $4.90.” This was almost a 25% discount- that is pretty good considering the small margins of profit in the grocery business.
Sponsorships of sports teams, charity events, or even local cookbooks could get the name of a store in front of the public, so Will used that tactic as well. “Will McMurray Meat Market” was listed as a sponsor in a 1907 Newton, Iowa, cookbook published by the Willing Workers class of First Baptist Church. Recipes included Lettie Miller’s White Cake, Chicken Pie with Oysters, Poor Man’s Pudding, Bread Sponge Cake, Picca Lili and Quaker Cabbage.Each time a woman opened the cookbook to make a favorite recipe, they might page through the ad for Will McMurray’s Meat Market. That was definitely targeted advertising, though not as intrusive as what we endure today. This ad also lets us know that in 1907, the McMurray store may have been only a meat market.
Soliciting business outside of the store itself helped to market it as well. McMurray & Killduff was listed as providing $42.65 worth of goods to the poor farm, and $6.60 to the poor, in a list of claims allowed to be paid from taxpayer dollars. This list from the Board of Supervisors of Jasper County was printed in the 19 Apr 1900 Newton Record, so it got the name of the grocery out to the public. It also suggests that the quality of their inventory was considered to be good, since their claim was allowed.
Trading stamps offered at McMurray & Killduff Grocery, Iowa State Democrat, 5 July 1900, p8.
The grocery also had trading stamps, something those “of an age” will recollect licking and pasting into booklets (back in the 1960s) that could be exchanged for items in a catalog that was often drooled over for months. (You could get great things with trading stamps!) Somehow today’s loyalty cards that are needed for sale prices while they track every purchase and then sell that information to other companies just aren’t the same.
Growing up with a father who was quite a salesman as an auctioneer and trader of livestock, Will McMurray likely learned how to make consumers want to buy his goods. All these records show us that he definitely put those techniques to good use!
1899_0302McMurray-Killduff Grocery Ads, Newton Record, Newton Iowa, 2 March 1899, vol. 5, no.32, page 8, columns 3-4, via newspaperarchive.com.
Benedict Flour and Feed company ad– Evening Times-Republican, Marshalltown Iowa, page 3, via GenealogyBank.com. This same ad was run on a number of different days.
McMurray-Kilduff “Big Cash Grocery” sale, Iowa State Democrat, Jul 20,1899, page 4.
McMurray shipment of butter to Des Moines, Newton Daily Herald, June 2, 1902, page 1, via newspaperarchive.com.
“Oldtime Cookbook Has Flavorful Recipes” (Will McMurray’s Meat Market sponsorship), Newton Daily News-Centennial Edition, August 10, 1957, page 5 (of 148) via ancestry.com.
McMurray-Killduff claims approved by Board of Supervisors of Jasper Co., Newton Record, 19 Apr 1900, page 7.
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Family history is meant to be shared, but the original content of this site may NOT be used for any commercial purposes unless explicit written permission is received from both the blog owner and author. Blogs or websites with ads and/or any income-generating components are included under “commercial purposes,” as are the large genealogy database websites. Sites that republish original HeritageRamblings.net content as their own are in violation of copyright as well, and use of full content is not permitted.Descendants and researchers MAY download images and posts to share with their families, and use the information on their family trees or in family history books with a small number of reprints. Please make sure to credit and cite the information properly, i.e, reference this blog.Please contact us if you have any questions about copyright or use of our blog material.
Last week we looked at the political life of our ancestor Frederick Asbury “F. A.” McMurray starting with the post, “Mystery Monday: Frederick Asbury “F. A.” McMurray- Sheriff of Newton, Iowa?” Although the results of that election were very disappointing to the family, F. A. continued to be active in the Democratic party of Jasper County.
One later newspaper mention of his political activity was quite interesting. It was published less than 2 years after he had won the election for Sheriff, taken the oath of office, paid his bond, and received the above Certificate of Election. The results were contested by his Republican opponent, and Fred had endured the wait of a recount, heard the news that he had actually lost by a very small margin, and then had to see his opponent actually take the office of Sheriff. At the 1901 Democratic Convention in Jasper Co., “Fred A. McMurray” was nominated for Sheriff. He was unanimously acclaimed by the party for the office.
But wait…
… Mr. McMurray positively declined as he had not time to attend to the duties of the office.
“Positively declined”- definitely understandable.
Fred truly was pretty busy- he was crying a lot of farm sales as an auctioneer, traveling to buy livestock and then traveling further to sell it. He had a number of business as well as real estate transactions in those years, and rebuilt a home for himself and his wife, Hannah Melissa (Benjamin) McMurray. So it was a legitimate excuse for not running.
Back at the convention, Fred quickly nominated another man, John Scarborough, who was unanimously acclaimed as the Democratic party’s man for Sheriff of Jasper County.
Being an auctioneer, buyer and seller of livestock and property, and long-time active member of the Democratic party most recently in a Republican era, Fred was a pretty astute guy. Turning down the nomination was a smart thing.
The person elected as Sheriff of Jasper County, Iowa, in 1901, was not the Democratic candidate put forth by Fred, but the Republican: Charles H. Hook, who had beat Fred by just 8 votes two years before.
°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°
Hereby ends the sad saga of Frederick Asbury McMurray and the office of Sheriff of Jasper County, Iowa.
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Jasper County, Iowa, courthouse in 2007, via Wikipedia and courtesy of By I, Cburnett, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2355260.
December 14th, 1899 was a Thursday, and likely dawned cold and maybe icy in Newton, Iowa- temperatures can get down to 20 degrees below freezing there in December! At 10am the board that would determine the results of the race for sheriff in Jasper County, Iowa, began their work. They had 6,393 ballots to review.
The article printed that day on page one in the Iowa State Democrat was positive, despite previous articles that stated the Dems would lose the recount. Their comments included, “In our judgement a better board could not have been.” They went on to say,
We hope that the result may be reached without engendering any ill feeling.
By the time the paper went to print, three precincts had already been recounted, with Charles Hook losing one vote as the only change.
By Monday, December 18th, the count had been completed, and Charles Hook had won. His victory was not by many votes- only 8.
So what had happened with the original vote? The Newton Record article published on Dec. 21st stated that in two townships, a total of four ballots that were straight Republican tickets had mistakenly been counted with Democratic straight tickets. The actual count thus reduced F.A.’s votes by four, and increased Hook’s total by four.
The Newton Record applauded the recount commission: “…their work was done carefully and at the same time rapidly, so the count was finished in a remarkably short time.”
F. A. and some of his supporters were not so satisfied, however. He filed an appeal to the district court. Unfortunately F.A. had to file bonds that were equivalent to double the salary of the sheriff for six months, which would have been a considerable sum. We have not found any other mentions at a later date as to this appeal, and there is only one other mention of F. A.’s part in the election. After Charles Hook took office as Sheriff in January, one of the members of the review board noted that
Mr. Hook is fairly elected Sheriff and had no mistakes been made by the election boards of several precincts, Mr. Hook would never have needed to contest.
The above was said by the Democratic member.
The results must have been very disappointing to Frederick Asbury McMurray and family. Thankfully he kept his certificate showing that at one moment in time, it appeared he had been elected Sheriff of Jasper County, Iowa.
Notes, Sources, and References:
“The contest is on,” Iowa State Democrat, 14 Dec 1899, vol.19, no. 50, p. 1, via newspaperarchive.com
“Hook wins contest,” Newton Record, 21 Dec 1899, vol 6, no. 22, p. 4, via newspaperarchive.com
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Family history is meant to be shared, but the original content of this site may NOT be used for any commercial purposes unless explicit written permission is received from both the blog owner and author. Blogs or websites with ads and/or any income-generating components are included under “commercial purposes,” as are the large genealogy database websites. Sites that republish original HeritageRamblings.net content as their own are in violation of copyright as well, and use of full content is not permitted.Descendants and researchers MAY download images and posts to share with their families, and use the information on their family trees or in family history books with a small number of reprints. Please make sure to credit and cite the information properly, i.e, reference this blog.Please contact us if you have any questions about copyright or use of our blog material.
